In teleost fishes, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis leads to an elevation
of circulating cortisol levels as a primary stress response. While acute elevation of cortisol is …

Recreational fishing has the potential to cause evolutionary change in fish populations; a
phenomenon referred to as fisheries-induced evolution. However, detecting and quantifying …

The shy-bold behavioral continuum is an element of animal behavior which is often studied
for its ecological relevance, particularly in the context of predation risk. How individuals …

Insects have evolved a wide range of behavioural traits to avoid predation, with anti-predator
behaviours emerging as important adaptive responses to the specific strategies employed …

Highlights•Behavioural responses to risky cues can vary along a shy–bold continuum.•Bold-
type responses may confer greater benefits under low-risk conditions.•Exposure to …

Research has identified numerous conservation benefits attributed to the use of protected
areas (PAs), yet the effectiveness of spatial protection in freshwater systems (FPAs) remains …