BACKGROUND Mammalian germ cells differentiate into oocytes in females and
spermatozoa in males. An oocyte and a spermatozoon fuse to form a zygote and then …

Infertility is defined as the inability of couples to have a baby after one year of regular
unprotected intercourse, affecting 10 to 15% of couples. According to the latest WHO …

Gastrulation is the fundamental process in all multicellular animals through which the basic
body plan is first laid down,,–. It is pivotal in generating cellular diversity coordinated with …

Investigating human development is a substantial scientific challenge due to the technical
and ethical limitations of working with embryonic samples. In the face of these difficulties …

In vitro stem cell models that replicate human gastrulation have been generated, but they
lack the essential extraembryonic cells needed for embryonic development, morphogenesis …

Early human embryonic development involves extensive lineage diversification, cell-fate
specification and tissue patterning. Despite its basic and clinical importance, early human …

Our understanding of how human embryos develop before gastrulation, including spatial
self-organization and cell type ontogeny, remains limited by available two-dimensional …

Studies of cultured embryos have provided insights into human peri-implantation
development. However, detailed knowledge of peri-implantation lineage development as …

There has been recent renewed interest in studying human early embryonic development.
The advent of improved culture conditions to maintain blastocysts in vitro for an extended …

Epigenetic reprogramming resets parental epigenetic memories and differentiates
primordial germ cells (PGCs) into mitotic pro-spermatogonia or oogonia. This process …