Most cancer-associated deaths occur due to metastasis, yet our understanding of metastasis
as an evolving, heterogeneous, systemic disease and of how to effectively treat it is still …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

Background Dostarlimab is an immune-checkpoint inhibitor that targets the programmed cell
death 1 receptor. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy may have …

Background Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a treatment strategy which stimulates
the human immune system to kill tumor cells. Tumor immunotherapy is based on immune …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with cancer. However,
promoting antitumour immunity in patients with tumours that are resistant to these therapies …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to be the subtype of breast cancer with the
highest rates of recurrence and mortality. The lack of expression of targetable proteins such …

The tumour immune microenvironment is shaped by the crosstalk between cancer cells,
immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other stromal components. Although the …

CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with a tissue-resident memory T (T RM) cell phenotype
are associated with favorable prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer …

The combination of immune-checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy for the first-line
treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has generated mixed results …

In the era of precision medicine, it has been increasingly recognized that individuals with a
certain disease are complex and different from each other. Due to the underestimation of the …