The arthropod central complex and vertebrate basal ganglia derive from embryonic basal
forebrain lineages that are specified by an evolutionarily conserved genetic program leading …

The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has emerged as an important insect model system
for a variety of topics. With respect to studying gene function, it is second only to the vinegar …

Background Planktonic ciliated larvae are characteristic for the life cycle of marine
invertebrates. Their most prominent feature is the apical organ harboring sensory cells and …

Genetic screens are powerful tools to identify the genes required for a given biological
process. However, for technical reasons, comprehensive screens have been restricted to …

Abstract The iBeetle-Base (http://ibeetle-base. uni-goettingen. de) makes available
annotations of RNAi phenotypes, which were gathered in a large scale RNAi screen in the …

The origin of the bilaterian head is a fundamental question for the evolution of animal body
plans. The head of bilaterians develops at the anterior end of their primary body axis and is …

The panarthropod head represents a complex body region that has evolved through the
integration and functional specialization of the anterior appendage-bearing segments …

Honeybees (Apis mellifera), which are important pollinators of plants, display remarkable
individual behaviors that collectively contribute to the organization of a complex society …

Patterning the neuroectoderm along the anterior–posterior (AP) axis is a critical event in the
early development of deuterostome embryos. However, the mechanisms that regulate the …

Background The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is an emerging insect model
organism representing the largest insect order, Coleoptera, which encompasses several …