BACKGROUND Comparing patterns of terrestrial and marine defaunation helps to place
human impacts on marine fauna in context and to navigate toward recovery. Defaunation …

Background The largest terrestrial species in the order Carnivora are wide-ranging and rare
because of their positions at the top of food webs. They are some of the world's most …

The population extinction pulse we describe here shows, from a quantitative viewpoint, that
Earth's sixth mass extinction is more severe than perceived when looking exclusively at …

Trophic rewilding is an ecological restoration strategy that uses species introductions to
restore top-down trophic interactions and associated trophic cascades to promote self …

The majority of the world's terrestrial large carnivores have undergone substantial range
contractions and many of these species are currently threatened with extinction. However …

The geographic distribution of coyotes (Canis latrans) has dramatically expanded since
1900, spreading across much of North America in a period when most other mammal …

Apex predators have experienced catastrophic declines throughout the world as a result of
human persecution and habitat loss. These collapses in top predator populations are …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

The decline of predators in a variety of ecosystems has transformed community structure
through mesopredator release and trophic cascades. Elasmobranch fishes, one of the …

We investigated how large carnivores, herbivores, and plants may be linked to the
maintenance of native species biodiversity through trophic cascades. The extirpation of …