Highlights•New monomers have been discovered, and structural aspects of the lignin
polymer have been refined.•The definition of a lignin monomer has been broadened.• …

In pursuit of more sustainable and competitive biorefineries, the effective valorisation of
lignin is key. An alluring opportunity is the exploitation of lignin as a resource for chemicals …

During the past decade, a growing scientific community is eagerly seeking for effective lignin
valorisation approaches. Thought-out utilisation of the world's most abundant resource of bio …

In recent decades, advancements in lignin application include the synthesis of polymers,
dyes, adhesives and fertilizers. There has recently been a shift from perceiving lignin as a …

In future biorefineries, the development of inexpensive and renewable reagents is highly
desirable. In this work, we report a renewable and new class of deep eutectic solvent (DES) …

The complex interlacing structure among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and the unique
properties of lignin itself limit the value-added utilization of the lignin. As the “upstream” …

Covering: Up to 2019 Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the
oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of …

Even traditional pretreatments can partially remove or degrade lignin and hemicellulose
from lignocellulosic biomass for enhancing its enzymatic digestibility, the remaining lignin in …

Lignin is a highly abundant biopolymer with a complex polyphenolic structure, making it a
potential source of aromatic precursors, polymers, and energy. However, its thermal stability …

Wood is a renewable resource that is mainly composed of lignin and cell wall
polysaccharides. The polysaccharide fraction is valuable as it can be converted into pulp …