Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the
extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are …

Tumor drug resistance emerges from the interaction of two critical factors: tumor cellular
heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Despite advances in treatment, lung cancer survival rates remain low. A better
understanding of the cellular heterogeneity and interplay of cancer-associated fibroblasts …

The accumulation of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment can drive tumorigenesis
in a paracrine manner through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) …

Background Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but most patients are
refractory to immunotherapy or acquire resistance, with the underlying mechanisms …

Intratumoral heterogeneity is a critical frontier in understanding how the tumor
microenvironment (TME) propels malignant progression. Here, we deconvolute the human …

The extracellular matrix is a fundamental, core component of all tissues and organs, and is
essential for the existence of multicellular organisms. From the earliest stages of organism …

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway is a promising target
for cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the intracellular STING protein triggers the …

Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment in various types of cancers,
weakens cytotoxic T cell function and causes recruitment of regulatory T cells, thereby …

Respiratory viral infections reprogram pulmonary macrophages with altered anti-infectious
functions. However, the potential function of virus-trained macrophages in antitumor …