Analyzing long-term climate changes is a prerequisite for identifying hotspot areas and
develo** site-specific adaptation measures. The current study focuses on assessing …

Southern Africa faces significant impacts of El Niño primarily in the form of droughts. Zambia
is not an exception. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), rainfall anomaly and Vegetation …

Although in situ rainfall data remains the most accurate, the gauge network density in East
Africa is sparse. It lacks continuity, thus making it inadequate to assess the spatial and long …

Climate variability analysis is crucial for understanding current patterns and predicting future
climate behavior. This knowledge is essential for decision-making about mitigation and …

Abstract Study region Botswana, Southern Africa Study focus The study explores the utility of
newer trend analysis methods, such as the innovative trend analysis method (ITA), to identify …

The evaluation of long-term rainfall variability and trends in the context of a changing global
climate is essential for develo** effective adaptation strategies. It is also important to …

Zambia is a country located in Southern Africa where more than half of the population lives
in rural areas. Most agricultural production comes from small-scale farmers who rely on …