Recent observations of elevated tree mortality following climate extremes, like heat and
drought, raise concerns about climate change risks to global forest health. We currently lack …

The ongoing global climate change is challenging all sectors, forestry notwithstanding. On
the one hand, forest ecosystems are exposed to and threatened by climate change, but on …

Climate tip** points occur when change in a part of the climate system becomes self-
perpetuating beyond a warming threshold, leading to substantial Earth system impacts …

Forest ecosystems depend on their capacity to withstand and recover from natural and
anthropogenic perturbations (that is, their resilience) 1. Experimental evidence of sudden …

Over the last decades, the natural disturbance is increasingly putting pressure on European
forests. Shifts in disturbance regimes may compromise forest functioning and the continuous …

The growth of past, present, and future forests was, is and will be affected by climate
variability. This multifaceted relationship has been assessed in several regional studies, but …

Our current 1.1° C warmer world is already affecting natural and human systems in Europe
(very high confidence1). Since AR5, there has been a substantial increase in detected or …

Carbon storage in forests is a cornerstone of policy-making to prevent global warming from
exceeding 1.5° C. However, the global impact of management (for example, harvesting) on …

The energy crisis that emerged as a result of the reduction in gas supplies from Russia is
very topical and very important. This crisis affects not only Europe but also other world …

The complexity of environmental conditions encountered by plants in the field, or in nature,
is gradually increasing due to anthropogenic activities that promote global warming, climate …