The microbiome is known to provide benefits to hosts, including extension of immune
function. Amphibians are a powerful immunological model for examining mucosal defenses …

During land adaptation of the integument in tetrapods, an efficient stratum corneum was
originated through the evolution of numerous corneous proteins in addition to the framework …

Host-associated microbiomes are increasingly recognized to contribute to host disease
resistance; the temporal dynamics of their community structure and function, however, are …

The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), recently introduced from Asia
to Europe, causes mortality in numerous species of salamanders and newts and has led to …

Amphibian habitats are easily contaminated by several pollutants, and in agricultural
landscapes the likely exposure scenario is represented by pesticides. Many of these …

Amphibian skin provides a habitat for bacterial communities in its mucus. Understanding the
structure and function of this “mucosome” in the European fire salamander (Salamandra …

Animal‐associated bacterial communities play essential roles for their host's ecology,
physiology and health. Temporal dynamics of these communities are poorly understood, but …

Background Amphibian skin has been studied for many decades, especially the
metamorphic changes in the skin of frogs. Less attention has been paid to salamander skin …

Endosulfan is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that has lethal and sublethal effects on
non-target organisms, including amphibians. In a laboratory study, we investigated direct …

Reptiles, birds, mammals and amphibians, together forming the clade tetrapods, have a
large diversity of cornified skin appendages, such as scales, feathers, hair and claws. The …