Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological
systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials …

Living organisms have ingeniously evolved functional gradients and heterogeneities to
create high-performance biological materials from a fairly limited choice of elements and …

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO possess robust mechanical, electrical and chemical
properties. Their nanocomposites have been extensively explored for applications in diverse …

Collagen mineralization is a biological process in many skeletal elements in the animal
kingdom. Examples of these collagen‐based skeletons are the siliceous spicules of glass …

It is a challenging task to realize the vision of hierarchically structured nanomaterials for
large‐scale applications. Herein, the biomaterial wood as a large‐scale biotemplate for …

Biomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with
hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in …

Materials with switchable mechanical properties are widespread in living organisms and
endow many species with traits that are essential for their survival. Many of the mechanically …

Nonclassical crystallization (NCC) summarizes a number of crystallization pathways, which
differ from the classical layer-by-layer growth of crystals involving atomic/molecular building …

Over the next century, elevated quantities of atmospheric CO 2 are expected to penetrate
into the oceans, causing a reduction in pH (− 0.3/− 0.4 pH unit in the surface ocean) and in …

Biomineralization is an important tactic by which biological organisms produce hierarchically
structured minerals with marvellous functions. Biomineralization studies typically focus on …