Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials with unique magnetic properties
have great potential for next-generation spintronic devices with high flexibility, easy …

Spin–orbit torque (SOT) is an emerging technology that enables the efficient manipulation of
spintronic devices. The initial processes of interest in SOTs involved electric fields, spin …

The rapid increase in information in the big-data era calls for changes to information-
processing paradigms, which, in turn, demand new circuit-building blocks to overcome the …

The rapid development of information technology has led to urgent requirements for high
efficiency and ultralow power consumption. In the past few decades, neuromorphic …

From the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) to tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR),
their subsequent application in large capacity hard disk drives (HDDs) greatly speeded up …

Abstract Spin–orbit torque (SOT)-driven deterministic control of the magnetic state of a
ferromagnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is key to next-generation spintronic …

Current induced spin-orbit torques driven by the conventional spin Hall effect are widely
used to manipulate the magnetization. This approach, however, is nondeterministic and …

Modern magnetic-memory technology requires all-electric control of perpendicular
magnetization with low energy consumption. While spin–orbit torque (SOT) in heavy …

Spintronics aims to go beyond the charge-based paradigm of silicon-based microelectronics
by utilizing the spin degree of freedom for memory, storage and computing applications …

Spin-orbit coupling in inversion-asymmetric magnetic crystals and structures has emerged
as a powerful tool to generate complex magnetic textures, interconvert charge and spin …