To operate in real-world high-stakes environments, deep learning systems have to endure
noises that have been continuously thwarting their robustness. Data-end defense, which …

Faces and words are ever-present stimuli in social environments that require fine-grained,
efficient discrimination of their constituents in order to acquire meaning. Provided that these …

Previous research has presented conflicting evidence regarding whether Chinese
characters are processed holistically. In past work, we applied Systems Factorial …

Previous studies suggested that upper and lower facial halves might be involved in the
human holistic face processing differently. In this study, we replicated and extended the …

The question of whether word and face recognition rely on overlap** or dissociable neural
and cognitive mechanisms received considerable attention in the literature. In the present …

Facial expression processing mainly depends on whether the facial features related to
expressions can be fully acquired, and whether the appropriate processing strategies can …

In recent years, increased attention has been devoted to visual word recognition under a
perceptual expertise framework. Because the information required to identify words is …

Recently, paradigms in the face recognition literature have been adopted to reveal holistic
processing in word recognition. It is unknown, however, whether different measures of …

A dual-route account of holistic processing has been proposed, which includes a stimulus-
based and experience-based approach to holistic processing. The bottom-up route was …

Gestalt perception relates to inferring a holistic scene from separate elements. Using this
theory, an application game named Gestalt Puzzle was designed for students to play by …