Ant–plant symbioses involve plants that provide hollow structures specialized for housing
ants and often food to ants. In return, the inhabiting ants protect plants against herbivores …

The phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, hydra, jellyfish) is one the most distantly
related animal phyla to humans, and yet cnidarians harbor many of the same cellular …

James A. Shapiro proposes an important new paradigm for understanding biological
evolution, the core organizing principle of biology. Shapiro introduces crucial new molecular …

Microbial ecology is the study of interactions among microbes in natural environments and
their roles in biogeochemical cycles, food web dynamics, and the evolution of life. Microbes …

Ants are a dominant feature of terrestrial ecosystems, yet we know little about the forces that
drive their evolution. Recent findings illustrate that their diets range from herbivorous to …

Olive flies (Bactrocera oleae) are intimately associated with bacteria throughout their life
cycle, and both larvae and adults are morphologically adapted for housing bacteria in the …

Highlights•Mutualistic bacteria confer functional traits to many social and gregarious
insects.•Group living and social behavior shape host microbial communities.•Social …

In the English edition of his landmark book Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant
Microorganisms (1965), Professor Paul Buchner is probably the most prominent founder of …

Abstract Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) play an important role in the pharmacological and
food industry due to their therapeutic and nutritional properties. Being the most abundant …

Background Symbiotic relationships between insects and bacteria are found across almost
all insect orders, including Hymenoptera. However there are still many remaining questions …