This review article summarizes major and representative developments in vehicle emissions
regulations, engine efficiency, and emission control from 2017. The article starts with the key …

As a promising technique to reduce the in-cylinder temperature and exhaust temperature,
mitigate combustion knock, improve combustion phasing and decrease NO x emissions …

The attractiveness of direct water injection advantages has made a comeback in the minds
of designers due to the potential knock mitigation and lower NO x emissions. The current …

A turbocharged downsizing spark ignition (SI) engine cooperating with in-cylinder direct
injection technology is one of the most effective ways to improve the fuel economy and to …

The increasingly stringent emission and fuel economy regulations force the advancement of
internal combustion engines towards higher power density and lower emissions. Knock and …

In this study, an approach of direct water injection was applied to suppress knock in the high
compression ratio (CR) hydrogen-enriched natural gas (NG) engine. A CFD model for the …

This paper aimed to study the effects of water injection and spark timing on performance of a
hybrid hydrogen-gasoline engine. For this aim, a modified four-cylinder turbocharged …

Gasoline engine powertrain development for 2025 and beyond is focusing on finding cost
optimal solutions by balancing electrification and combustion engine efficiency measures …

One of the limiting factors improving the efficiency of gasoline engines is engine knock.
Various techniques including using fuels that result in charge cooling are employed to …

The four-stroke spark-ignition (SI) internal combustion engine has good fuel economy and
high power/weight ratio, making it very suitable for small aircraft. Normally, four-stroke …