The field of optical chemical sensors has been a growing research area over the last three
decades. A wide range of books and review articles has been published by experts in the …

Quantum cascade (QC') lasers are reviewed. These are semiconductor injection lasers
based on intersubband transitions in a multiple-quantum-well (QW) heterostructure …

Graphene research so far has focused on electronic,,,,, rather than photonic applications, in
spite of its impressive optical properties,. These include its ability to absorb∼ 2% of incident …

In the short space of 15years since their first demonstration, quantum cascade lasers have
become the most useful sources of tunable mid-infrared laser radiation. This Letter …

Advanced materials and processing techniques are based largely on the generation and
control of non-homogeneous microstructures, such as precipitates and grain boundaries. X …

The vast majority of gaseous chemical substances exhibit fundamental vibrational
absorption bands in the mid-infrared spectral region (≈ 2–25 µm), and the absorption of …

In the last decade quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have become the most widely used
source of mid-infrared radiation, finding large scale applications because of their wide …

The infrared domain is very attractive for many applications owing to two unique features:(i)
it contains several atmospheric transparency windows,(ii) it corresponds to the 'molecular …

Coherent sources of mid-infrared (mid-IR) radiation are of great interest for a wide range of
scienti? c and technological applications from spectroscopy and frequency metrology to …

A recently introduced approach to photoacoustic detection of trace gases utilizing a quartz
tuning fork (TF) as a resonant acoustic transducer is described in detail. Advantages of the …