Individuals who are diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) today face the same
historically intransigent problem that has existed since the initial description of the disease in …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle involved in protein quality control
and cellular homeostasis. The accumulation of unfolded proteins leads to an ER stress …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and uniformly fatal neurodegenerative
disease. A plethora of genetic factors have been identified that drive the degeneration of …

The clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases is initiated by the selective
alteration in the functionality of distinct neuronal populations. The pathology of many …

Protein homeostasis is a vital process for cell function and, therefore, disruption of the
molecular mechanisms involved in this process, such as autophagy, may contribute to …

The ubiquitin proteasome system maintains protein homeostasis by regulating the
breakdown of misfolded proteins, thereby preventing misfolded protein aggregates. The …

Numerous genetic and environmental insults impede the ability of cells to properly fold and
posttranslationally modify secretory and transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic …

Protein-folding stress at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a salient feature of specialized
secretory cells and is also involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. ER stress …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a homeostatic mechanism by which cells regulate
levels of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although it is well …

The mammalian family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) includes extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), with each MAPK …