Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein that is secreted
mostly by immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Its production …

Abstract Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is a novel, 198 amino acid adipocytokine also referred to as
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). LCN-2 is a circulatory protein …

Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and
contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular …

Iron is critical for the appearance and maintenance of life on Earth. Almost all organisms
compete or cooperate for iron acquisition, demonstrating the importance of this essential …

Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory
cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of …

Osteoblasts are specialized mesenchymal cells that synthesize bone matrix and coordinate
the mineralization of the skeleton. These cells work in harmony with osteoclasts, which …

During the last 40 years, there has been a world-wide increase in both the prevalence of
obesity and an increase in the number of persons over the age of 60 due to a decline in …

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is
released by various cell types and is an attractive biomarker of inflammation, ischemia …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes obesity,
insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Although there has been significant …

The worldwide epidemic of obesity has brought considerable attention to research aimed at
understanding the biology of adipocytes (fat cells) and the events occurring in adipose …