A survey of blockchain technology applied to smart cities: Research issues and challenges

J **e, H Tang, T Huang, FR Yu, R **e… - … surveys & tutorials, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
In recent years, the rapid urbanization of world's population causes many economic, social,
and environmental problems, which affect people's living conditions and quality of life …

A comprehensive review of blockchain consensus mechanisms

B Lashkari, P Musilek - IEEE access, 2021 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Since the advent of distributed ledger technologies, they have provided diverse
opportunities in a wide range of application domains. This article brings a comprehensive …

Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains

E Androulaki, A Barger, V Bortnikov, C Cachin… - Proceedings of the …, 2018 - dl.acm.org
Fabric is a modular and extensible open-source system for deploying and operating
permissioned blockchains and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by the Linux …

HotStuff: BFT consensus with linearity and responsiveness

M Yin, D Malkhi, MK Reiter, GG Gueta… - Proceedings of the 2019 …, 2019 - dl.acm.org
We present HotStuff, a leader-based Byzantine fault-tolerant replication protocol for the
partially synchronous model. Once network communication becomes synchronous, HotStuff …

The quest for scalable blockchain fabric: Proof-of-work vs. BFT replication

M Vukolić - Open Problems in Network Security: IFIP WG 11.4 …, 2016 - Springer
Bitcoin cryptocurrency demonstrated the utility of global consensus across thousands of
nodes, changing the world of digital transactions forever. In the early days of Bitcoin, the …

A scalable multi-layer PBFT consensus for blockchain

W Li, C Feng, L Zhang, H Xu, B Cao… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism shows a great potential
to break the performance bottleneck of the Proof-of-Work (PoW)-based blockchain systems …

Blockchain consensus protocols in the wild

C Cachin, M Vukolić - arxiv preprint arxiv:1707.01873, 2017 - arxiv.org
A blockchain is a distributed ledger for recording transactions, maintained by many nodes
without central authority through a distributed cryptographic protocol. All nodes validate the …

The honey badger of BFT protocols

A Miller, Y **a, K Croman, E Shi, D Song - Proceedings of the 2016 ACM …, 2016 - dl.acm.org
The surprising success of cryptocurrencies has led to a surge of interest in deploying large
scale, highly robust, Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) protocols for mission-critical applications …

[PDF][PDF] A survey about consensus algorithms used in blockchain.

GT Nguyen, K Kim - Journal of Information processing …, 2018 - volunteerscience.com
Thanks to its potential in many applications, Blockchain has recently been nominated as one
of the technologies exciting intense attention. Blockchain has solved the problem of …

Narwhal and tusk: a dag-based mempool and efficient bft consensus

G Danezis, L Kokoris-Kogias, A Sonnino… - Proceedings of the …, 2022 - dl.acm.org
We propose separating the task of reliable transaction dissemination from transaction
ordering, to enable high-performance Byzantine fault-tolerant quorum-based consensus. We …