The environmental impacts of the use of synthetic surfactants are discussed in this work
such as their high levels of toxicity and low biodegradability. These materials destroy aquatic …

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes have a great potential to maximize oil recovery
factor of the existing reservoirs, where a significant volume of the unrecovered oil after …

With a constant upsurge in energy demand, production from depleted and harsh reservoirs
through enhanced oil recovery techniques (EOR) has significantly increased. Among many …

Surfactant flooding is an important technique used in enhanced oil recovery to reduce the
amount of oil in pore space of matrix rock. Surfactants are injected to mobilize residual oil by …

The wettability of carbonate rocks is often oil-wet or mixed wet. A large fraction of oil is still
remained in carbonate reservoirs, it is therefore of particular significance to implement …

A significant fraction of the conventional oil reserves globally is in carbonate formations
which contain a substantial amount of residual oil. Since primary and secondary recovery …

Chemical methods of enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) are applied for improving oil recovery
from different kinds of oil reservoirs due to their ability for modifying some crucial parameters …

Gemini surfactants are a group of novel surfactants with more than one hydrophilic head
group and hydrophobic tail group linked by a spacer at or near the head groups. Unique …

Surfactant flooding is one of the most promising method of enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
used after the conventional water flooding. The addition of alkali improves the performance …

Adsorption of surfactants onto reservoir rock surface may result in the loss and reduction of
their concentrations in surfactant flooding, which may render them less efficient or ineffective …