Nutritional status during pregnancy can have a significant impact on maternal and neonatal
health outcomes. Requirements for macronutrients such as energy and protein increase …

Abstract The Italian Consensus Position Statement on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
of Obesity in Children and Adolescents integrates and updates the previous guidelines to …

Background Tobacco smoking remains one of the few preventable factors associated with
complications in pregnancy, and has serious long‐term implications for women and babies …

Pregnancy implies delicate immunological balance between two individuals, with constant
changes and adaptions in response to maternal capacity and fetal demands. We performed …

Background Fetal development is a crucial window of susceptibility in which exposure-
related alterations can be induced on the molecular level, leading to potential changes in …

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy, especially when sustained, leads to
numerous adverse health outcomes in offspring. Pregnant women disproportionately …

Background We assessed the incidence of infants born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and
large-for-gestational-age (LGA) in an Italian cohort over 20 years (1993–2013). Furthermore …

Children are commonly exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in the domestic environment
or inside vehicles of smokers. Unfortunately, prenatal tobacco smoke (PTS) exposure is still …

This narrative review summarises the latest evidence on the causes and consequences of
substance use in adolescence and describes long-term trends in adolescent alcohol …

Background Maternal smoking is still a major public health problem posing the risk of
several negative health outcomes for both the pregnant woman and her offspring. The …