Although transition metals constitute less than 0.1% of the total mass within a human body,
they have a substantial impact on fundamental biological processes across all kingdoms of …

Oxidative stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is considered to
be a key factor in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology. RPE cells are …

Recent years have seen an increased interest in the role of oxidative stress (OS) in
pregnancy. Pregnancy inherently heightens susceptibility to OS, a condition fueled by a …

Reducing oxidative stress stands at the center of a prevention and control strategy for
mitigating cellular senescence and aging. Kidney disease is characterized by a premature …

Redox equilibria and the modulation of redox signalling play crucial roles in physiological
processes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupts the body's antioxidant …

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme functional for physiological defense
strategies in animals and plants against free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Superoxide, O2•−, is formed in all living organisms that come in contact with air, and,
depending upon its biological context, it may act as a signaling agent, a toxic species, or a …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The pathological hallmarks
of AD are amyloid plaques [aggregates of amyloid beta (A)] and neurofibrillary tangles …

Although fibrosis is a common pathological feature of most end-stage organ diseases, its
pathogenesis remains unclear. There is growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction …

Overnutrition and sedentary activity reinforce the growing trend of worldwide obesity, insulin
resistance, and type 2 diabetes. However, we have limited insight into how food intake …