Malaria is one of the most devastating infectious diseases of humans. It is problematic
clinically and economically as it prevails in poorer countries and regions, strongly hindering …

Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms,
some of which are implicated in vital functions, such as those related to resilience against …

Abstract To date (1 November 2023), the online database AlgaeBase has documented
50,589 species of living algae and 10,556 fossil species here referred to four kingdoms …

Corals are fundamental ecosystem engineers, creating large, intricate reefs that support
diverse and abundant marine life. At the core of a healthy coral animal is a dynamic …

This revision of the classification of eukaryotes, which updates that of Adl et al.[J. Eukaryot.
Microbiol. 52 (2005) 399], retains an emphasis on the protists and incorporates changes …

Babesia are tick-transmitted hemoprotozooans that infect mammals and birds, and which
are acknowledged for their major impact on farm and pet animal health and associated …

Energy conversion of sunlight by photosynthetic organisms has changed Earth and life on it.
Photosynthesis arose early in Earth's history, and the earliest forms of photosynthetic life …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT; also known as lateral gene transfer) has had an important
role in eukaryotic genome evolution, but its importance is often overshadowed by the greater …

Plastids (chloroplasts) have long been recognized to have originated by endosymbiosis of a
cyanobacterium, but their subsequent evolutionary history has proved complex because …

Plastids and mitochondria each arose from a single endosymbiotic event and share many
similarities in how they were reduced and integrated with their host. However, the …