One of the most arduous challenges in tissue engineering is neovascularization, without
which there is a lack of nutrients delivered to a target tissue. Angiogenesis should be …

The physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in cancer
development due to multiple universal features that transcend heterogeneity and niche …

Hydrogel bioadhesives have emerged as a promising alternative to wound dressings for
chronic wound management. However, many existing bioadhesives do not meet the …

Mechanical regulation and electric stimulation hold great promise in skin tissue engineering
for manipulating wound healing. However, the complexity of equipment operation and …

Angiogenesis, hematopoiesis and osteogenesis are fundamental processes mediating
complex and essential biological functions. In the bone marrow, endothelial cells (ECs) are …

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein of the CCN family,
regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and a variety of other biological …

Immune cells have emerged as powerful regulators of regenerative as well as pathological
processes. The vast majority of regenerative immunoengineering efforts have focused on …

Fetal bone development occurs through the conversion of avascular cartilage to
vascularized bone at the growth plate. This requires coordinated mobilization of osteoblast …

Treatment of bone defects remains a challenge in the clinic. Artificial bone grafts are the
most promising alternative to autologous bone grafting. However, one of the limiting factors …

While the extracellular matrix (ECM) has long been recognized for its structural
contributions, anchoring cells for adhesion, providing mechanical support, and maintaining …