Purpose There is growing evidence that vertebral column function and dysfunction play a
vital role in neuromuscular control. This invited review summarises the evidence about how …

The aim of this review is to discuss what is known about the reflex control of the human
masticatory system and to propose a method for standardized investigation. Literature …

In two papers dated 1928 to 1929 in The Journal of Physiology, Edgar Adrian and Detlev
Bronk described recordings from motor nerve and muscle fibres. The recordings from motor …

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease causing
motoneuron dysfunction, muscle weakness, fatigue and early mortality. Three new therapies …

Transspinal (or transcutaneous spinal cord) stimulation is a noninvasive, cost-effective,
easily applied method with great potential as a therapeutic modality for recovering somatic …

Motor neurons innervating antagonist muscles receive reciprocal inhibitory afferent inputs to
facilitate the joint movement in the two directions. The present study investigates the mutual …

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), prolonged muscle spasms are readily triggered by brief
sensory stimuli. Animal and indirect human studies have shown that a substantial portion of …

Averaged responses to loud clicks were recorded in the unrectified and rectified masseter
electromyogram (EMG) of 18 healthy subjects. Unilateral clicks (0.1 ms, 3 Hz, 70–100 dB …

Key points Reflex responses of single motor units have been used for the study of spinal
circuitries but the methods employed are invasive and limited to the assessment of a …

Measuring human reflex responses from electromyogram (EMG) traces in an accurate,
repeatable and reliable way with a high degree of specificity has traditionally been a difficult …