The demand for nitrogen (N) for crop production increased rapidly from the middle of the
twentieth century and is predicted to at least double by 2050 to satisfy the on-going …

Plants associate with a wide range of microorganisms, with both detrimental and beneficial
outcomes. Central to plant survival is the ability to recognize invading microorganisms and …

Plants have lived in close association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for over 400
million years. Today, this endosymbiosis occurs broadly in the plant kingdom where it has a …

The default mineral nutrient acquisition strategy of land plants is the symbiosis with
arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. Research into the cell and developmental biology of AM …

Plants, the cornerstone of life on Earth, are constantly struggling with a number of
challenges arising from both biotic and abiotic stressors. To overcome these adverse factors …

Highlights•The availability of nitrogen is a major limitation to crop production.•Tackling the
nitrogen problem is vital for sustainable and secure food production.•Some bacteria fix …

Most flowering plants are able to form endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In
this mutualistic association, the fungus colonizes the root cortex and establishes elaborately …

The interactions of legumes with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria cause the formation of
specialized lateral root organs called root nodules. It has been postulated that this root …

Most land plants engage in mutually beneficial interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)
fungi, the fungus providing phosphate and nitrogen in exchange for fixed carbon. During …

Triterpenoid saponins are specialised metabolites distributed widely in the plant kingdom
that consist of one or more sugar moieties attached to triterpenoid aglycones. Despite the …