Venoms are one of the most convergent of animal traits known, and encompass a much
greater taxonomic and functional diversity than is commonly appreciated. This knowledge …

The insects are a hyperdiverse class containing more species than all other animal groups
combined—and many employ venom to capture prey, deter predators and micro-organisms …

The assassin bug venom system plays diverse roles in prey capture, defence and extra-oral
digestion, but it is poorly characterised, partly due to its anatomical complexity. Here we …

Introduction: Animal venoms are complex chemical arsenals. Most venoms are rich in
bioactive peptides with proven potential as research tools, drug leads and drugs. Areas …

Alternative splicing (AS) is a major source of protein diversity in eukaryotes, but less is
known about its evolution compared to gene duplication (GD). How AS and GD interact is …

More than a century of research on sea anemone venoms has shown that they contain a
diversity of biologically active proteins and peptides. However, recent omics studies have …

Animal venoms are renowned for their toxicity, biochemical complexity, and as a source of
compounds with potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Polypeptides …

True water bugs (Nepomorpha) are mostly predacious insects that live in aquatic habitats.
They use their piercing–sucking mouthparts to inject venomous saliva that facilitates the …

Since the first record of the five founder members of the group of Natterin proteins in the
venom of the medically significant fish Thalassophryne nattereri, new sequences have been …

Comprising of over a million described species of highly diverse invertebrates, Arthropoda is
amongst the most successful animal lineages to have colonized aerial, terrestrial, and …