As the cornerstone mission of the fourth phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program,
Chang'E-7 (CE-7) was officially approved, and implementation started in 2022, including a …

Exploring the subsurface structure and stratification of Mars advances our understanding of
Martian geology, hydrological evolution and palaeoclimatic changes, and has been a main …

The past two decades of lunar exploration have seen the detection of substantial quantities
of water on the Moon's surface. It has been proposed that a hydrated layer exists at depth in …

Remote sensing data revealed that the presence of water (OH/H2O) on the Moon is latitude-
dependent and probably time-of-day variation, suggesting a solar wind (SW)-originated …

The lunar nearside has been investigated by many uncrewed and crewed missions, but the
farside of the Moon remains poorly known. Lunar farside exploration is challenging because …

Volcanism is the most important endogenic geological process of the Moon, which is closely
related to its internal structure and thermal history. Lunar volcanism is one of the most …

As the largest basin on Mars, Utopia Planitia has both experienced and recorded variations
of the Martian palaeoclimate. Layered subsurface structures have been identified by ground …

The evolution and compositional structure of the lunar mantle has been extensively modeled
but insufficiently constrained by observations. Here, we identify and characterize mantle …

The complex thermal history of the Moon leads to an unequal distribution of volcanic
products between the lunar nearside and the farside. So far, no lunar materials have been …

China's first Mars probe Tianwen-1 has successfully landed on the southern Utopia Planitia
of Mars on May 15, 2021. The Zhurong rover is first equipped with a full-polarimetric Mars …