I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …

The innate immune system recognizes microbial products using germline-encoded
receptors that initiate inflammatory responses to infection. The bacterial cell wall component …

The skin is the largest organ of the mammalian body. The outermost layer of mammalian
skin, the stratum corneum (SC) of the epidermis, consists of piles of dead corneocytes that …

Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential molecule for the survival of bacteria, and thus, its
biosynthesis and remodeling have always been in the spotlight when it comes to the …

Dysbiosis is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unclear which specific
intestinal bacteria predispose to and which protect from IBD and how they are regulated …

Since the publication of the Janeway's Pattern Recognition hypothesis in 1989, study of
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and their immuno-stimulatory activities …

Highlights•Workers have hypothesized that many different stresses accelerate ROS
formation.•Common measures of ROS formation can be subverted by artifacts.•ROS are …

This review summarises current knowledge on camel milk proteins, with focus on significant
peculiarities in protein composition and molecular properties. Camel milk is traditionally …

Crustacean species are among the most valued seafood with socioeconomic and ecological
implications in the global fisheries sector. Microbial infections to the farming stock due to …

Whether antibiotics induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute
to cell death is an important yet controversial topic. Here, we report that lethal attacks from …