Influential theories in psychology, neuroscience, and economics assume that the exertion of
mental effort should feel aversive. Yet, this assumption is usually untested, and it is …

An increasing number of cognitive, neurobiological, and computational models have been
proposed in the last decade, seeking to explain how humans allocate physical or cognitive …

The willingness to exert effort for reward is essential but comes at the cost of fatigue.
Theories suggest fatigue increases after both physical and cognitive exertion, subsequently …

Metaverse sports arena is gaining popularity globally that empowers virtual reality sporting
experience through digital avatars. The main objective of the current study is to explore the …

Events—the experiences we think we are having and recall having had—are constructed;
they are not what actually occurs. What occurs is ongoing dynamic, multidimensional …

We present theory and research on effort mobilization that is relevant for understanding the
role of affect in cognitive control. We posit that cognitive control and effort are closely related …

Choosing whether to exert effort to obtain rewards is fundamental to human motivated
behavior. However, the neural dynamics underlying the evaluation of reward and effort in …

Although people seek to avoid expenditure of cognitive effort, reward incentives can
increase investment of processing resources in challenging situations that require cognitive …

The notion that humans avoid effortful action is one of the oldest and most persistent in
psychology. Influential theories of effort propose that effort valuations are made according to …

When making decisions, humans aim to maximize rewards while minimizing costs. The
exertion of mental or physical effort has been proposed to be one those costs, translating …