Pain is a complex phenomenon, involving sensory and emotional experience, that is often
poorly understood, especially in infants, anesthetized patients, and others who cannot …

More than 15 million premature infants are born worldwide each year. 1 These infants, along
with term neonates who are born ill, compromised either by congenital abnormalities or by …

Automatic affect analysis has attracted great interest in various contexts including the
recognition of action units and basic or non-basic emotions. In spite of major efforts, there …

OBJECTIVE: This paper focuses on the use of image-based machine learning techniques in
medical image analysis. In particular, we present some variants of local binary patterns …

Abstract Facial Action Coding System is the most influential sign judgment method for facial
behavior, and it is a comprehensive and anatomical system which could encode various …

Pain is a private experience with complex qualities that must be measured if people in
distress are to be helped. Sensations, feelings, and thoughts may be salient for the sufferer …

Pain sensation is essential for survival, since it draws attention to physical threat to the body.
Pain assessment is usually done through self-reports. However, self-assessment of pain is …

Pain intensity classification using facial images is a challenging problem in computer vision
research. This work proposed a patch and transfer learning-based model to classify various …

Bedside caregivers assess infants' pain at constant intervals by observing specific
behavioral and physiological signs of pain. This standard has two main limitations. The first …

Healthcare costs in the US are approximately 15% of GNP and are anticipated to reach 17%
of GNP in the near future. Management of chronic diseases via technology based ubiquitous …