Despite being one of the most familiar and widely recognized natural phenomena, lightning
remains relatively poorly understood. Even the most basic questions of how lightning is …

Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) observations have formed the
cornerstone of measurement and interpretation of effects of lightning discharges on the …

The present white paper is submitted as part of the “Snowmass” process to help inform the
long-term plans of the United States Department of Energy and the National Science …

Abstract The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is
the world׳ s largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe …

Quasi‐electrostatic (QE) fields that temporarily exist at high altitudes following the sudden
removal (eg, by a lightning discharge) of thundercloud charge at low altitudes lead to …

Streamers are thin filamentary plasmas that can initiate spark discharges in relatively short
(several centimeters) gaps at near ground pressures and are also known to act as the …

Mini-EUSO is a telescope observing the Earth in the ultraviolet band from the International
Space Station. It is a part of the JEM-EUSO program, paving the way to future larger …

We present the first global distribution of the average estimated peak currents in negative
lightning flashes using 1 year of continuous data from the Vaisala global lightning data set …

Transient luminous events (sprites, blue jets, elves) above large mesoscale convective
systems (MCSs) over the US High Plains have been routinely monitored from the Yucca …

We report the global transient luminous event (TLE) distributions and rates based on the
Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) experiment onboard the …