Visual symbols have long been a central component of political communication, and their
importance has increased as the visual medium of television has become the dominant …

▪ Abstract Media violence poses a threat to public health inasmuch as it leads to an increase
in real-world violence and aggression. Research shows that fictional television and film …

Survey experiments have become a central methodology across the social sciences.
Researchers can combine experiments' causal power with the generalizability of population …

As a form of political communication, political advertising is both celebrated and reviled.
Over the past five decades, since its first appearance in campaigns in the 1950s, political …

Scenario-based experiments are an important method in service marketing, especially in the
field of service failures and service recoveries. Field studies on these topical areas are rare …

This comment addresses the growing controversy over the effects of implicit racial messages
in politics. Many scholars find evidence that these implicit messages work and that they have …

Although news in virtual reality (VR) is currently on the rise, relatively little empirical
evidence on its effects has been reported. This study tests if telepresence in VR news …

Across Europe, right-wing populist parties use advertisements that depict symbolic and
economic threats posed by immigrants. Yet research on the effects of such advertisements is …

In our evolving American political culture, whites and blacks continue to respond very
differently to race-based messages and the candidates who use them. Race Appeal …

As we argue in this chapter, accumulating research, taken together, indicates that the mass
media is in fact a key socializing influence in almost every child's life. To make this point, we …