Background Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are one of the most used assessment
formats. However, creating MCQs is a challenging task, particularly when formulating the …

Recent advances in natural language processing have increased interest in automatic
question generation, particularly in education (eg, math, biology, law, medicine, and …

The use of foundation models in climate science has recently gained significant attention.
However, a critical issue remains: the lack of a comprehensive evaluation framework …

Abstract English grammar multiple-choice questions (MCQs) can be automatically
generated to reduce preparation time. Previous studies have focused on semiautomated …

Critical circumstances, natural disasters or pandemics like COVID 19 gave rise to the wide
applicability of E-learning into education system. Efficient and fair online assessment is very …

Abstract Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are an important evaluation technique for both
examinations and learning activities. However, the manual creation of questions is time …

Nowadays, colleges and universities focus on the assessment model for considering
educational offers, suitable environments, and circumstances for students' growth, as well as …

The COVID‐19 pandemic has a significant impact on the global economy and health. While
the pandemic continues to cause casualties in millions, many countries have gone under …

Automatic Item Generation (AIG) is a system to generate items/questions automatically with
a model using computer technology. AIG can help teachers to provide questions in …

Recent advancements in Educational AI have focused on models for automatic question
generation. Yet, these advancements face challenges:(1) their" black-box" nature limits …