Microglia are the main resident immune cells of the nervous system and as such they are
involved in multiple roles ranging from tissue homeostasis to response to insults and circuit …

The innate immune landscape of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and
the retina, consists of different myeloid cell populations with distinct tasks to fulfill. Whereas …

Myeloid cells including microglia and macrophages play crucial roles in retinal homeostasis
by clearing cellular debris and regulating inflammation. These cells are activated in several …

Macrophages/microglia are immune system defense and homeostatic cells that develop
from bone marrow progenitor cells. According to the different phenotypes and immune …

Background Diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion are vision threatening retinal
vascular diseases. Current first-line therapy targets the vascular component, but many …

Vitreous cortex hyalocytes are resident macrophage cells that help maintain the
transparency of the media, provide immunosurveillance, and respond to tissue injury and …

Backgrounds Diabetic retinopathy (DR), especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR),
is the major cause of irreversible blindness in the working-age population. Increasing …

The management of preretinal fibrovascular membranes, a devastating complication of
advanced diabetic retinopathy (DR), remains challenging. We characterized the molecular …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes and has been
historically regarded as a microangiopathic disease. Now, the paradigm is shifting toward a …

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its extension OCT angiography (OCTA) have
become essential clinical imaging modalities due to their ability to provide depth-resolved …