Globally, abundant agricultural wastes (AWs) are being generated each day to fulfil the
increasing demands of the fast-growing population. The limited and/or improper …

Agriculture has a historical significance in human society and its present-day role as a vital
sector of the global economy is irrefutable. However, the increase in agricultural production …

Biofuels are fossil fuel alternatives produced from agricultural biomass or other organic
matter; considered sustainable, eco-friendly, and bioeconomic biofuels have come up as a …

Biomass waste represents the promising surrogate of fossil fuels for energy recovery and
valorization into value-added products. Among thermochemical conversion techniques of …

Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producing country. The oil palm industry (plantation
and milling) generates large amounts of solid waste in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB) …

In this work, torrefaction of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin were studied at a series of
torrefaction temperatures (210, 240, 270, and 300° C) based on the properties of their three …

The rapid increase in population has been identified as one of the main reasons for the
abundance generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), which could be advantageous when …

Exponential growth in industrialization can be seen as a direct outcome of the urbanization
which results in the continuous depletion of natural energy reserves. The existence of …

The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large
energy demand. Additionally, fossil fuel's combustion for energy production causes the …

The palm oil industry produces large quantities of biomass residues that can be utilized to
produce value-added products. Oil palm biomass has an average carbon content ranging …