Cellular automata are used as simple mathematical models to investigate self-organization
in statistical mechanics. A detailed analysis is given of" elementary" cellular automata …

Quantum random sampling is the leading proposal for demonstrating a computational
advantage of quantum computers over classical computers. Recently the first large-scale …

A computer is generally considered to be a universal computational device; ie, it is believed
able to simulate any physical computational device with a cost in computation time of at most …

This chapter describes the possibility of simulating physics in the classical approximation, a
thing which is usually described by local differential equations. But the physical world is …

A digital computer is generally believed to be an efficient universal computing device; that is,
it is believed to be able to simulate any physical computing device with an increase in …

We show that a set of gates that consists of all one-bit quantum gates [U (2)] and the two-bit
exclusive-O R gate [that maps Boolean values (x, y) to (x, x⊕ y)] is universal in the sense …

Neural networks are a computing paradigm that is finding increasing attention among
computer scientists. In this book, theoretical laws and models previously scattered in the …

Conservative logic is a comprehensive model of computation which explicitly reflects a
number of fundamental principles of physics, such as the reversibility of the dynamical laws …

Computers may be thought of as engines for transforming free energy into waste heat and
mathematical work. Existing electronic computers dissipate energy vastly in excess of the …

If the bits of computers are someday scaled down to the size of individual atoms, quantum
mechanical effects may profoundly change the nature of computation itself. The wave …