The rodent hindlimb unloading (HU) model was developed in the 1980s to make it possible
to study mechanisms, responses, and treatments for the adverse consequences of …

Space medicine is key to the human exploration of outer space and pushes the boundaries
of science, technology, and medicine. Because of harsh environmental conditions related to …

Due to scarcity of available biological samples from returning space explorers, alternative
models, which improve the understanding of spaceflight-related pathophysiology are …

Astronauts on lengthy voyages will be exposed to an environment of microgravity and
ionizing radiation that may have adverse effects on physical abilities, mood, and cognitive …

Conditions during spaceflight, such as the loss of the head-to-foot gravity vector, are thought
to potentially alter cerebral blood flow and vascular resistance. The purpose of the present …

Space travel is an extreme experience even for the astronaut who has received extensive
basic training in various fields, from aeronautics to engineering, from medicine to physics …

The earliest effect of spaceflight is an alteration in vestibular function due to microgravity.
Hypergravity exposure induced by centrifugation is also able to provoke motion sickness …

Following exposure to microgravity, there is a reduced ability of astronauts to augment
peripheral vascular resistance, often resulting in orthostatic hypotension. The purpose of this …

Spaceflight entails exposure to numerous environmental challenges with the potential to
contribute to both musculoskeletal and vascular dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to …

The cerebral blood supply is delivered by a surface network of pial arteries and arterioles
from which arise (parenchymal) arterioles that penetrate into the cortex and terminate in a …