Biological processes are naturally regulated with high spatial and temporal control, as is
perhaps most evident in metazoan embryogenesis. Chemical tools have been extensively …

Sensory photoreceptors underpin light-dependent adaptations of organismal physiology,
development, and behavior in nature. Adapted for optogenetics, sensory photoreceptors …

Optogenetic technologies have transformed our ability to precisely control biological
processes in time and space. Yet, current eukaryotic optogenetic systems are limited by …

PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras) are bifunctional molecules that target proteins
for ubiquitylation by an E3 ligase complex and subsequent degradation by the proteasome …

The key to designing an implantable device lies in condensing the synergistic effects of
diagnostic and therapeutic methods in a single tool. In conjunction with the integration of …

Vision restoration is an ideal medical application for optogenetics, because the eye provides
direct optical access to the retina for stimulation. Optogenetic therapy could be used for …

Ion channels are transmembrane proteins ubiquitously expressed in all cells that control
various ions (eg Na+, K+, Ca 2+ and Cl-etc) crossing cellular plasma membrane, which play …

In nature, biological processes are regulated with precise spatial and temporal resolution at
the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. In order to perturb and manipulate these …

Optogenetic probes can be powerful tools for dissecting complexity in cell biology, but there
is a lack of instrumentation to exploit their potential for automated, high-information-content …

Light is unsurpassed in its ability to modulate biological interactions. Since their discovery,
chemists have been fascinated by photosensitive molecules capable of switching between …