CRISPR–Cas is a widespread adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea that
protects against viral infection by targeting specific invading nucleic acid sequences …

The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that is inhabited by bacteria, archaea, fungi
and viruses. These microbes—collectively referred to as the skin microbiota—are …

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections as this
pathogen has certain attributes that facilitate the subversion of natural defenses of the …

Numerous diverse microorganisms reside in the cold desert soils of continental Antarctica,
though we lack a holistic understanding of the metabolic processes that sustain them. Here …

While often obvious for macroscopic organisms, determining whether a microbe is dead or
alive is fraught with complications. Fields such as microbial ecology, environmental health …

Bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotic treatments result in two fundamentally different
phenotypic outcomes—the inhibition of bacterial growth or, alternatively, cell death. Most …

Bacteriophages are ubiquitous viral predators that have primarily been studied using fast-
growing laboratory cultures of their bacterial hosts. However, microbial life in nature is …

Persisters are transiently tolerant variants that allow populations to avoid eradication by
antibiotic treatment. Their antibiotic tolerance is non-genetic, not inheritable and results from …

Tuberculosis, an ancient disease of mankind, remains one of the major infectious causes of
human death. We examine newly discovered facets of tuberculosis pathogenesis and …

Insufficient development of new antibiotics and the rising resistance of bacteria to those that
we have are putting the world at risk of losing the most widely curative class of medicines …