A severe decline in child births has occurred over the past half century, which will lead to
considerable population declines, particularly in industrialized regions. A crucial question is …

It is predicted that Japan and European Union will soon experience appreciable decreases
in their populations due to persistently low total fertility rates (TFR) below replacement level …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) continues to be a challenging problem for clinicians
despite advances in both obstetric and neonatal care. IUGR is defined as a rate of fetal …

The incidence and/or prevalence of health problems associated with endocrine‐disruption
have increased. Many chemicals have endocrine‐disrupting properties, including bisphenol …

BACKGROUND Infertility affects∼ 7% of all men. Despite much progress, mainly in
genetics, its etiology remains obscure in∼ 50% of cases. To fill this gap, imaging of the male …

Sex-specific differentiation, development, and function of the reproductive system are largely
dependent on steroid hormones. For this reason, developmental exposure to estrogenic and …

Although semen quality is an important determinant of fertility, defining clear thresholds for
normal ranges has proven difficult. According to'time to pregnancy'studies, fecundity starts to …

Depending on the definitions used, up to 10% of all live-born neonates are small for
gestational age (SGA). Although the vast majority of these children show catch-up growth by …

The high incidence of low sperm counts in young (European) men and evidence for
declining sperm counts in recent decades mean that the environmental/lifestyle impact on …

Objectives Considerable interest and controversy over a possible decline in semen quality
during the 20th century raised concern that semen quality could have reached a critically …