C3 is the central effector molecule of the complement system, mediating its multiple
functions through different binding sites and their corresponding receptors. We will introduce …

Neonates have an immature immune system, which cannot adequately protect against
infectious diseases. Early in life, immune protection is accomplished by maternal antibodies …

The complement system is deeply embedded in our physiology and immunity. Complement
activation generates a multitude of molecules that converge simultaneously on the …

The interferons (IFNs) and their receptors represent a subset of the class 2 α-helical
cytokines that have been in chordates for millions of years. This brief review focuses on the …

Vertebrates have multiple genes encoding Type I interferons (IFN), for reasons that are not
fully understood. The Type I IFN appear to bind to the same heterodimeric receptor and the …

BACKGROUND: Complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) is part of the B-cell coreceptor and
expressed by mature B cells and follicular dendritic cells. CD21 is a receptor for C3d …

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) attachment to primary B cells initiates virus entry. Although CD21 is
the only known receptor for EBVgp350/220, a recent report documents EBV-infected B cells …

Background Canine T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) is clinically and histologically heterogeneous
with some forms, such as T‐zone lymphoma (TZL), having an indolent course …

Multiomics technologies with single-cell and spatial resolution make it possible to measure
thousands of features across millions of cells. However, visual analysis of high-dimensional …

B cells represent one of the cellular components of the immune system that protects the
individual from invading pathogens. In response to the invader, these cells differentiate into …