Beyond its role as an energy vector, a growing number of natural hydrogen sources and
reservoirs are being discovered all over the globe, which could represent a clean energy …

The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth's history—is important for
understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies …

The Earth as a planetary system has experienced significant change since its formation c.
4.54 Gyr ago. Some of these changes have been gradual, such as secular cooling of the …

The rise of atmospheric oxygen fundamentally changed the chemistry of surficial
environments and the nature of Earth's habitability. Early atmospheric oxygenation occurred …

Methane has been proposed as an exoplanet biosignature. Imminent observations with the
James Webb Space Telescope may enable methane detections on potentially habitable …

As the search for Earth-like exoplanets gathers pace, in order to understand them, we need
comprehensive theories for how planetary atmospheres form and evolve. Written by two well …

We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than∼ 1 Gyr could
have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their …

We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …

The rapid increase of carbon dioxide concentration in Earth's modern atmosphere is a
matter of major concern. But for the atmosphere of roughly two-and-half billion years ago …

Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …