Potential deleterious health effects to astronauts induced by space radiation is one of the
most important long-term risks for human space missions, especially future planetary …

Abstract On 2022 February 15–16, multiple spacecraft measured one of the most intense
solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed so far in Solar Cycle 25. This study provides …

Context. A complex and long-lasting solar eruption on 17 April 2021 produced a widespread
solar energetic particle (SEP) event that was observed by five longitudinally well-separated …

The Martian ionosphere originates from the ionization of the planetary neutral atmosphere
by solar radiation. This conductive layer is embedded within the thermosphere and …

Predictions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) are a
central issue in space weather forecasting. In recent years, interest in space weather …

We present simulation results of a gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event detected on
2021 October 9 by multiple spacecraft, including BepiColombo (Bepi) and near-Earth …

One of the grand challenges in heliophysics is the characterization of coronal mass ejection
(CME) magnetic structure and evolution from eruption at the Sun through heliospheric …

Understanding and predicting the structure and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
in the heliosphere remains one of the most sought-after goals in heliophysics and space …

The main driver of the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) is believed to be
shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) waves are thought to be …

Abstract The SOL2012-05-17 event is remarkable in that it caused one of two ground-level
enhancements (GLE71) in Solar Cycle 24. Despite the efforts spent studying this solar event …