Nowadays the global tendency towards physical activity reduction and an augmented
dietary intake of fats, sugars and calories is leading to a growing propagation of overweight …

Cancer can be perceived as a disease of communication between and within cells. The
aberrations are pleiotropic, but mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways feature …

With the release of the landmark report Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a
Strategy, the US National Academy of Sciences, in 2007, precipitated a major change in the …

Signalling through the ERBB/HER receptors is intricately involved in human cancer and
already serves as a target for several cancer drugs. Because of its inherent complexity, it is …

Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in
the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in …

First identified in the early 1980s as retroviral oncogenes, the Raf proteins have been the
objects of intense research. The discoveries 10 years later that the Raf family members (Raf …

The inner workings of a biological cell or a chemical reactor can be rationalized by the
network of reactions, whose structure reveals the most important functional mechanisms. For …

This article provides an overview of principles and barriers relevant to intracellular drug and
gene transport, accumulation and retention (collectively called as drug delivery) by means of …

Cancer remains a major health hurdle worldwide and has moved from the third leading
cause of death in the year 1990 to second place after cardiovascular disease since 2013 …

Modelling is becoming a necessity in studying biological signalling pathways, because the
combinatorial complexity of such systems rapidly overwhelms intuitive and qualitative forms …