With each trajectory taken during the ontogeny of an individual, the number of optional
behavioural phenotypes that can be expressed across its life span is reduced. The initial …

Fear motivates different types of defensive behaviors. These behaviors are, however, not
mere byproducts of fear. In this review, we highlight a bi-directional relationship between …

Nutritional ketosis has been proven effective for seizure disorders and other neurological
disorders. The focus of this study was to determine the effects of ketone supplementation on …

Women are more likely to develop an anxiety disorder than men. Yet, preclinical models of
anxiety were largely developed in male rodents, with poorly understood predictive validity …

Adolescence is a window of vulnerability to environmental factors such as chronic stress that
can disrupt brain development and cause long-lasting behavioral dysfunction, as seen in …

Risk‐taking behaviors are a primary contributor to elevated adolescent injury and mortality.
Locomotor and anxiety‐like behaviors in rodents have been used to examine risk‐taking …

Considerable evidence suggests that adolescent exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocanabinol
(THC), the psychoactive component in marijuana, increases the risk of develo** …

Adolescence is a period of major physical, hormonal, and psychological change. It is also
characterized by a significant increase in the incidence of psychopathologies and this …

Anxiety disorders pose one of the biggest threats to mental health in the world, and they
predominantly emerge early in life. However, research of anxiety disorders and fear‐related …

Methods A total of 45 aged male Wistar rats with an age of 20 months were randomly
assigned into five groups of control (C), swimming HIIT (SW-HIIT), swimming HIIT with …