Larval lepidopterans (hereafter, caterpillars) protect themselves from natural enemies with a
diverse suite of defenses which are employed before, during, or after encounters with …

We summarize work on a speciose Neotropical tree genus, Inga (Fabaceae), examining
how interspecific variation in anti-herbivore defenses may have evolved, how defenses …

Plants and their herbivores constitute more than half of the organisms in tropical forests.
Therefore, a better understanding of the evolution of plant defenses against their herbivores …

Drought events are predicted to increase due to climate change, yet consequences for plant–
insect interactions are only partially understood. Drought‐mediated interactions between …

Coevolutionary models suggest that herbivores drive diversification and community
composition in plants. For herbivores, many questions remain regarding how plant defenses …

We used the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) and its two fungal
associates, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium, to study potential nutritional …

Theoretical and empirical studies show that, when past or current herbivory is a reliable cue
of future attack and defenses are costly, defenses can be induced only when needed and …

Many plants use induced defenses to reduce the costs of antiherbivore defense. These
plants invest energy in growth when herbivores are absent but shunt energy to defense …

Animal species have a restricted period during the year when conditions for development
are optimal, and this is known as the temporal window. Duration of the temporal window can …

This study investigates complex effects of parasitoid infection on herbivore diet choice.
Specifically, we examine how immunological resistance, parasitoid infection stage, and …