Variation, mosaicism and degeneracy in the hominin foot

J McClymont, K Davids, RH Crompton - Evolutionary Human …, 2022 - cambridge.org
The fossil record is scarce and incomplete by nature. Animals and ecological processes
devour soft tissue and important bony details over time and, when the dust settles, we are …

The optimality of the standard genetic code assessed by an eight-objective evolutionary algorithm

M Wnętrzak, P Błażej, D Mackiewicz… - BMC Evolutionary …, 2018 - Springer
Background The standard genetic code (SGC) is a unique set of rules which assign amino
acids to codons. Similar amino acids tend to have similar codons indicating that the code …

Optimization of the standard genetic code in terms of two mutation types: point mutations and frameshifts

M Wnętrzak, P Błażej, P Mackiewicz - Biosystems, 2019 - Elsevier
The distinct structure and universality of the standard genetic code (SGC) have fascinated
the scientists ever since the first amino acid assignments were discovered. There are …

Many alternative and theoretical genetic codes are more robust to amino acid replacements than the standard genetic code

P Błażej, M Wnętrzak, D Mackiewicz, P Gagat… - Journal of theoretical …, 2019 - Elsevier
We evaluated the differences between the standard genetic code (SGC) and its known
alternative variants in terms of the consequences of amino acids replacements. Furthermore …

[PDF][PDF] The Impact of the Transversion/Transition Ratio on the Optimal Genetic Code Graph Partition.

DA Aloqalaa, DR Kowalski, P Blazej, M Wnetrzak… - …, 2019 - scitepress.org
The standard genetic code (SGC) is a system of rules ascribing 20 amino acids and stop
translation signal to 64 codons, ie triplets of nucleotides. It was proposed that the structure of …

Optimization of amino acid replacement costs by mutational pressure in bacterial genomes

P Błażej, D Mackiewicz, M Grabińska, M Wnętrzak… - Scientific reports, 2017 - nature.com
Mutations are considered a spontaneous and random process, which is important
component of evolution because it generates genetic variation. On the other hand, mutations …

The influence of different types of translational inaccuracies on the genetic code structure

P BłaŻej, M Wnetrzak, D Mackiewicz, P Mackiewicz - BMC bioinformatics, 2019 - Springer
Background The standard genetic code is a recipe for assigning unambiguously 21 labels,
ie amino acids and stop translation signal, to 64 codons. However, at early stages of the …

Optimization of mutation pressure in relation to properties of protein-coding sequences in bacterial genomes

P Błażej, B Miasojedow, M Grabińska, P Mackiewicz - PloS one, 2015 - journals.plos.org
Most mutations are deleterious and require energetically costly repairs. Therefore, it seems
that any minimization of mutation rate is beneficial. On the other hand, mutations generate …

The structure of the genetic code as an optimal graph clustering problem

P Błażej, DR Kowalski, D Mackiewicz… - Journal of Mathematical …, 2022 - Springer
The standard genetic code (SGC) is the set of rules by which genetic information is
translated into proteins, from codons, ie triplets of nucleotides, to amino acids. The questions …

Optimisation of asymmetric mutational pressure and selection pressure around the universal genetic code

P Mackiewicz, P Biecek, D Mackiewicz, J Kiraga… - International Conference …, 2008 - Springer
One of hypotheses explaining the origin of the genetic code assumes that its evolution has
minimised the deleterious effects of mutations in coded proteins. To estimate the level of …