The Ser and Thr kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), was discovered 25
years ago and has been the focus of tens of thousands of studies in diverse fields of biology …

Since the proposal of Paul Ehrlich's magic bullet concept over 100 years ago, tremendous
advances have occurred in targeted therapy. From the initial selective antibody, antitoxin to …

Abstract Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3 or GSK-3) is a promiscuous protein kinase and
its phosphorylation of its diverse substrates has major influences on many areas of …

Abstract Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the basal and stress-
inducible expression of a battery of genes encoding key components of the glutathione …

Metabolism research is undergoing a renaissance because many diseases are increasingly
recognized as being characterized by perturbations in intracellular metabolic regulation …

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is essential for embryo development and adult tissue
homeostasis and regeneration, abnormal regulation of the pathway is tightly associated with …

Post translational modifications (PTMs) are involved in variety of cellular activities and
phosphorylation is one of the most extensively studied PTM, which regulates a number of …

The Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-
mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-mTOR) signaling pathways are the chief mechanisms …

Our understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is currently limited by difficulties in
obtaining live neurons from patients and the inability to model the sporadic form of the …

Frizzled and LRP5/6 are Wnt receptors that upon activation lead to stabilization of
cytoplasmic β-catenin. In this study, we review the current knowledge of these two families of …