The impact of preserved museum specimens is transforming and increasing by three-
dimensional (3D) imaging that creates high-fidelity online digital specimens. Through …

Postcranial pneumaticity has been reported in numerous extinct sauropsid groups including
pterosaurs, birds, saurischian dinosaurs, and, most recently, both crurotarsan and basal …

Extant crocodilians are a highly apomorphic archosaur clade that is ectothermic, yet often
achieve large body sizes that can be subject to higher heat loads. Therefore, the anatomical …

From a biological point of view, casting refers to filling of anatomical and/or pathological
spaces with extraneous material that reproduces a three-dimensional replica of the space …

X-ray computed tomography (CT) provides a nondestructive means of studying the inside
and outside of objects. It allows accurate visualization and measurement of internal features …

If arteries penetrate bones through foramina, regional artery blood flow rates can be
estimated from the foramen sizes. Femoral bone blood flow rates estimated from nutrient …

The facial region of moose Alces alces is highly divergent relative to other cervids and other
ruminants. In particular, the narial region forms an expanded muzzle or proboscis that …

The origin of baleen in mysticetes heralded a major transition during cetacean evolution.
Extant mysticetes are edentulous in adulthood, but rudimentary teeth develop in utero within …

Head vascular anatomy of the greater (or Caribbean) flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) is
investigated and illustrated through the use of a differential contrast, dual vascular injection …

In the mammalian order Artiodactyla, the majority of arterial blood entering the intracranial
cavity is supplied by a large arterial meshwork called the carotid rete. This vascular structure …